What It Is
Benzoyl peroxide is a topical medicine used for acne. It is available as a gel, cream, lotion, or wash in different strengths, commonly between 2.5% and 10%.
What It's Used For
Benzoyl peroxide is generally used to treat mild to moderate acne, including whiteheads, blackheads, and inflamed pimples. It is often combined with other acne medicines such as adapalene or clindamycin.
How It Works
Benzoyl peroxide releases oxygen when applied to the skin, which kills the acne-causing bacteria Cutibacterium acnes. It also helps shed dead skin cells and unblock pores, and has a mild anti-inflammatory effect. Because bacteria do not become resistant to it, it is often used alongside antibiotics to reduce the risk of resistance.
History and Regulatory Status
Benzoyl peroxide has been used to treat acne since the mid-twentieth century and remains one of the most common acne ingredients in the world. It is available without a prescription in many countries, and stronger or combination products are prescribed. It can cause dryness, redness, and peeling and can bleach hair, towels, and clothing.