What It Is
Budesonide belongs to a class of medicines called corticosteroids. It is available as an inhaler, a nebuliser solution, a nasal spray, and as tablets or a rectal foam for bowel conditions.
What It's Used For
Budesonide is generally used to prevent asthma attacks, to treat allergic rhinitis, and as part of long-term treatment for COPD. Nebulised budesonide is used for croup in children, and specially formulated tablets or foam are used for inflammatory bowel conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
How It Works
Budesonide reduces inflammation by lowering the activity of immune cells and the production of inflammatory chemicals. When inhaled, it acts mainly in the airways, and any medicine that is absorbed is largely broken down by the liver, so it has fewer whole-body side effects than steroid tablets. Rinsing the mouth after each inhaled dose helps prevent thrush and hoarseness.
History and Regulatory Status
Budesonide was developed in Sweden in the 1970s and came into medical use in the early 1980s. It is included on the World Health Organization's list of essential medicines and is sold as a generic and under many brand names. It is generally a prescription medicine, although some nasal sprays are available over the counter in certain countries.