What It Is
Semen analysis is a laboratory test that examines a semen sample to assess several factors related to male fertility.
What It Checks
Semen analysis typically evaluates factors such as sperm count, the proportion of sperm that are moving normally, and the shape of the sperm present, along with general characteristics of the semen sample itself, such as its volume and consistency.
Why It's Used
Semen analysis is commonly used as part of a fertility evaluation, particularly when a couple is experiencing difficulty conceiving, helping determine whether male fertility factors may be contributing. It's sometimes also used following certain procedures, such as a vasectomy, to confirm the intended result.
How It's Done
A semen sample is typically collected through masturbation into a sterile container, often after a short period of abstinence beforehand, as advised by the testing laboratory or clinic. The sample is then examined in the laboratory, generally within a short time after collection, to assess the various factors relevant to the analysis.
Background
Microscopic examination of semen dates back to some of the earliest uses of the microscope in the 17th century, though a more standardized, clinically meaningful approach to semen analysis developed considerably later, over the 20th century, as understanding of male fertility and reproductive biology advanced. Standardized guidelines for performing and interpreting semen analysis have continued to be refined, helping ensure more consistent results across different laboratories.